Chapter 13 — Legal & Rights
How does small claims court work?
You file a case for money owed (usually $5,000–$25,000 max depending on state), pay a small fee, serve the defendant, and appear at a short hearing. Lawyers usually aren't allowed. Judgments are yours to collect.
Follow-up questions
How do I actually collect?
Ask the debtor first; then wage garnishment, bank levy, or property liens through the court. Judgments last years.
Is it worth suing?
If the amount is meaningful and the defendant has assets or wages, yes. Judgment-proof debtors rarely pay.
What evidence do I need?
Contracts, texts, emails, receipts, photos — organized in a timeline the judge can follow in 5 minutes.
Can I appeal?
Usually yes, within 30 days; the case is retried. Losing party often pays costs.
How much does small claims court cost?
Usually a modest filing fee scaled to the claim, often recoverable if you win. Legal representation is generally not required.
Do I need a lawyer?
Not allowed to bring one in most states — it's designed to be self-represented.
What if I win but they don't pay?
You have a judgment; collecting it is a separate process (wage garnishment, bank levy, liens). Some defendants are 'judgment-proof'.
What can I sue for?
Unpaid invoices, returned deposits, damaged property, minor breach of contract. Not defamation, not personal injury beyond a low cap.
Do I need evidence?
Yes — contracts, receipts, photos, message screenshots, a timeline. Judges decide on documents more than speeches.
What if they don't pay after I win?
You get a judgment; enforcing it (wage garnishment, bank levies, liens) is a separate legal step.
Can a business sue in small claims?
Yes in most jurisdictions, though some require a licensed representative rather than a random employee.
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