Chapter 03Money & Finance

How much house can I actually afford?

A common rule: total housing costs (mortgage, taxes, insurance, HOA) under 28% of gross monthly income, and total debt under 36%. With a 20% down payment, the price you can carry is roughly 3–4× your annual income at current rates. Stress-test with rates 1–2% higher than today.

Follow-up questions

Do I really need 20% down?

No, but below 20% you'll pay PMI (mortgage insurance) until you reach 20% equity. FHA loans go as low as 3.5%, VA loans 0% if you qualify.

What credit score do I need?

720+ gets the best rates. 620 is roughly the floor for conventional loans. Every 20-point bump can knock your rate down meaningfully.

Is renting throwing money away?

No — you're buying flexibility and avoiding maintenance, property tax, and interest costs. Buying wins long-term only if you stay 5+ years and the market cooperates.

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