Chapter 02Technology & Internet

How do I back up my computer?

Follow 3-2-1: three copies of your data, on two different media, with one off-site. In practice: your laptop's drive, an external SSD refreshed weekly, and a cloud backup like Backblaze or iCloud/OneDrive.

Follow-up questions

Is iCloud a backup?

It's a sync service — deleting a file locally deletes it in iCloud too. Use a dedicated backup tool alongside sync.

How often should I back up?

Continuously if possible (Time Machine, Backblaze). Anything unbacked between now and your last snapshot is at risk.

What about ransomware?

Off-site or versioned backups are the answer — attackers can't encrypt what they can't reach or overwrite.

Best external drive?

A USB-C SSD (Samsung T7, SanDisk Extreme) — faster and more durable than spinning disks.

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